This glossary was made for my English C.E.G.E.P. class. We're required to do a glossary to help people who want to know about us and our field of study. It'll help with your understanding of real-world or field related vocabulary. My field of study is business management which goes from administration to economics. It includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising business operations. Management is the act of allocating resources to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively; it comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
accounting
noun
A detailed report of the financial state or transactions of a person or entity.
Example: This cutting down on bureaucracy might mean delayering the management hierarchy and simplifying procedures of accounting and correspondence (both within the company and with external contacts).
en: Comptabilité
amortization
noun
The process of decreasing an amount over a period. When used in the context of a loan, amortization is the process by which your loan principal decreases over the life of your loan.
Example: Amortization typically refers to the process of writing down the value of either a loan or an intangible asset.
en: amortissement
asset
noun
Anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have positive economic value.
Example: Personal assets may include a house, car, investments, artwork, or home goods.
en: Actif
bankruptcy
noun
A legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor.
Example: Bankruptcy can allow you a fresh start, but it will stay on your credit reports for a number of years and make it difficult to borrow in the future.
en: la faillite
benchmarking
noun
Comparing one’s products to those of competitors in order to improve quality and performance.
Example: As differentiation between firms diminishes and management emulating techniques such as benchmarking become exhausted, competition takes the form of rival takeover.
en: analyse comparative
benefits
noun
A payment made or an entitlement available in accordance with a wage agreement, an insurance policy, or a public assistance program.
en: Des bénéfices
business plan
noun
Set of documents prepared by a firm’s management to summarize its operational and financial objectives for the near future (usually one to three years) and to show how they will be achieved. It serves as a blueprint to guide the firm’s policies and strategies, and is continually modified as conditions change and new opportunities and/or threats emerge. When prepared for external audience (lenders, prospective investors) it details the past, present, and forecasted performance of the firm. And usually also contains pro-forma balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, to illustrate how the financing being sought will affect the firm’s financial position.
Example: This is a very important element of the marketing environment and is present in Asda's future business plan.
en: plan d'affaires
communication process
noun
The sharing of meaningful information between two or more people with the goal of the receiver understanding the sender’s intended message. In business, the effectiveness of a company’s internal and external communication process is often very important to its overall success.
Example: The communication process is made of five parts: encode, message, channel, decode, and feedback.
en: processus de communication
corporation
noun
An association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members. See also municipal corporation, public corporation.
Example: Review of the market In 2000 the total keyboard market was $2.2 billion (Venture Development corporation) and ergonomic keyboards are a growing share of this. 21.7% of keyboards for North America were of the ergonomic type in 1999.
en: société
credit
noun
The ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.
Example: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) should be given the credit for helping India to find itself in a strong position with regards to forex reserves.
en: crédit
dividend
noun
A portion of a company’s earnings which is paid to the shareholders/stockholders on a quarterly or annual basis.
Example: The NPV method acknowledges that a pound today is worth more than a pound in the future because of inflation, risk and the opportunity cost of investing that pound today at the real interest rate. such as dividend payments, other capital budgeting methods and interest payments.
en: dividende
economy
noun
An entire network of producers, distributors, and consumers of goods and services in a local, regional, or national community.
Example: There is also a need to conduct frequent Market research studies , which help to understand the economy, show the estimated market conditions, customers' behavior and most importantly they show the performances of competitors and their product ranges, thus the firm can decide on how to respond to their actions.
en: économie
investment
noun
Money committed or property acquired for future income. Two main classes of investment are (1) Fixed income investment such as bonds, fixed deposits, preference shares, and (2) Variable income investment such as business ownership (equities), or property ownership. In economics, investment means creation of capital or goods capable of producing other goods or services. Expenditure on education and health is recognized as an investment in human capital, and research and development in intellectual capital. Return on investment (ROI) is a key measure of an organization’s performance.
Example: The main sources of accretion to FER are exports of IT-related services and Foreign Portfolio investment and not Foreign Direct investment (which is more stable),as in the cases of China and Singapore.
en: investissement
liabilities
noun
The financial obligations entered in the balance sheet of a business enterprise.
Example: Jolly SU has no loan history and therefore has no liabilities in the form of loan repayments.
